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Artisanal miners’ agonizing tales at the hands of mineral police

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A police officer hit me with a baton, I became unconscious, only to wake in hospital,” narrates Fred Ssentamu as he displays scars from beatings when The Observer visited his home in Lugingi, Kitumbi sub-county, Kassanda.

Ssentamu is one of the hundreds of artisanal and small-scale gold miners who have suffered human rights violations at the hands of the Police Minerals Protection Unit (PMPU). These violations include intimidation, extortion, confiscation of ores, physical abuse as well as displacement from villages.

These allegations of brutal harassment and human rights violations of artisanal miners at the hands of PMPU are common in many gold, tin, tantalum and tungsten mining areas mainly in central and western Uganda. “These police officers are to too brutal,” Ssentamu says.

Indeed, his testimony is not an isolated case as The Observer found out. His neighbour shares a similar harrowing tale, “A police officer ordered me to kneel on piercing stones as his colleague handcuffed me. Then, another afande [police officer] was beating me in front of my children,” she narrates.

To foot the medical bill, Ssentamu says, his family sold his motorcycle for Shs 3 million. Artisanal gold miners in many parts of the country accuse the PMPU of hiding under the cover of cleansing the minerals sector of illegal mining to harass, torture and even maim artisanal miners, among other human rights violations.

Miners say, instead of offering local protection, the PMPU officers have turned their guns against civilians and artisanal miners. “It is a whip and a gun that rule in these mines,” another miner narrates, before asking the police leadership to rein in errant PMPU officers.

BACKGROUND

The PMPU was created in 2017 by the then Inspector General of Police (IGP) Gen Kale Kayihura. It is charged with, among others, inspection, monitoring and surveillance to detect and prevent illegal mining as well as to sensitize mining communities on safe mining practices. Gen Kahiyura appointed Superintendent of Police (SP) Jessica Keigomba to head the unit.

However, three years after its creation, PMPU is on the spotlight again over human rights violations and involving itself in illegal mining. Simon Alibariho, artisanal miner at Katenga goldmine in Buhweju district, remembers when PMPU violently evicted them from the mines which left some miners nursing injuries.

“When they [police] came, they started beating us without any explanation. Some people were injured in the process. We are Ugandans; why is police beating us when we are here to eke out a living, even cows are no longer beaten,” Alibariho wonders. He says though artisanal miners mine without licences, it shouldn’t be a ground for beating and treating them violently.

EXTORTION AND SHOOTINGS

In an ugly incident of human rights violations, a police officer attached to PMPU shot and injured an artisanal miner following a simple verbal exchange in Lugingi mine recently.

“We failed to agree with the officer; so, he told me “I promised to shoot you in the head.” Those are the last words I heard; the next thing I woke up in hospital in pain nursing injuries from gunshots,” one of the miners in Kassanda district narrates.

In a clear manifestation of impunity, the officer has never been reprimanded, arrested or prosecuted for the shooting. In June, 2020, John Mufumbira, one of the artisanal miners and a member of Kassanda Miners Association, complained to the police Professional Standards Unit (PSU) against Superintendent of Police Sarah Mwesigwa, who is the administration and finance officer of PMPU, over the unit’s harassment and human rights violations against artisanal miners.

However, Mufumbira says to date he has not received any response. Francis Mwijukye, the Buhweju MP, concurs with artisanal miners on the brutality of PMPU officers. “These police officers are extorting money. If you don’t give them money, they will chase you away and the process of chasing is dehumanizing,” he notes.   

Carolyne Nakajubi, the extractive governance officer at ActionAid International Uganda, says it is unfortunate that PMPU has misused its mandate to stamp out illegal mining and instead turned its guns on the civilian mining population. She urges PMPU to respect and uphold human rights in enforcing the law. 

Henry Nickson Ogwal, the director, Programs and Policy at ActionAid Uganda, calls for the probe into PMPU. “Those who have evidence on human rights violations shouldn’t be intimidated when they talk. Such violation is unacceptable in a democratic Uganda and must be probed. Meanwhile, the PMPU command structure and mandate should be reviewed,” Ogwal says.

MINING POLICE!

In addition to human rights violations, PMPU has also been accused of engaging in gold-mining after evicting artisanal miners. “The PMPU has become a mining police. They are the ones now doing the mining,” says Deusdedit Beinomugisha, an artisanal miner from Buhweju.

However, Moses Karakire Musinguzi, the PMPU head of operations, denies the allegation that the unit is engaged in illegal mining activities.  “If there is a police officer involved in mining, then he or she should be reported to PSU.  You can also take them to court and prosecute them individually if you have evidence,” Musinguzi said recently. “Some of these mistakes are individual, but not institutionalized.”

PMPU head Jessica Keigomba (R) and DGSM officials in Katenga, Buhweju district

In a recent interview with NTV Uganda, Sarah Opendi, the minister of state for Energy and Mineral Development, confirmed that some security officials are indeed engaged in illegal mining. “I know some people within the security circles have also gotten involved in mining but I want to tell them that what they are doing is actually wrong. You don’t go and mine simply because you have a gun, which I [artisanal miners] don’t have,” she said, before pledging that offices who have deviated from their cardinal responsibility to switch to mining will be brought to book.

ENTER UHRC

It is on the background of these human rights violations that civil society organizations (CSOs) have asked the Uganda Human Rights Commission (UHRC) to do an investigation into the allegations and bring the culprits to book. In a press statement recently, the CSOs further accuse police of illegal gold mining under the cover of law enforcement.

Don Binyina Bwesigye, the executive director, Africa Centre for Energy and Mineral Policy (ACEMP), says PMPU has overstepped its mandate. “This has exposed artisanal miners to cruel treatment from security organizations such as police and the army,” Bwesigye said in a statement.

Bwesigye argues that without any law, the PMPU has taken over many of the supervisory and regulatory roles that the Mining Act vests in the Directorate of Geological Survey and Mines (DGSM). 

“The UHRC should investigate, document and address allegations of human rights abuses meted out on artisanal and small-scale miners and landowners in different regions by PMPU and other security agencies,” the statement reads in part.

Amidst the advocacy, it remains to be seen whether there will be any tangible steps by state institutions to investigate the PMPU, which seems to enjoy impunity in carrying out its operations.

**The Observer

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World Food Day 2026: Building healthy diets means reimagining how we grow, share, and enjoy our food.

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By the Witness Radio team.

In 2024, hunger affected an estimated 673 million people worldwide, the 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report reveals, underscoring the urgent need to ensure everyone can access enough nutritious food.

Africa bears a heavy share of this crisis. Hunger affects about 307 million people, more than one in five on the continent. If nothing changes, experts warn that by 2030, as many as 512 million people could face chronic undernourishment, with nearly 60 percent living in Africa.

These numbers make it clear: we must transform our food systems now. It is not just about growing more food; it’s about ensuring everyone can enjoy diets that are diverse, safe, nourishing, and rooted in culture.

On World Food Day 2026, celebrated under the banner “Innovate Today, Nourish Tomorrow,” leaders urged the world to invest boldly in healthy eating, indigenous food traditions and agricultural breakthroughs that truly serve people’s needs.

Italy’s Minister for Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forestry, Francesco Lollobrigida, called for greater attention to healthy, balanced and sustainable diets, linking food consumption to human health, cultural heritage and environmental protection.

“To nourish tomorrow, it isn’t enough to invest in innovation and research and in waste reduction. We must also promote dietary habits that are healthy, balanced and sustainable, capitalizing on the deep link between food, health, culture and territory,” Lollobrigida said.

He highlighted Italy’s food culture as a living example of how what we eat can weave together nutrition, environmental care, and the fabric of social life.

“Food isn’t just nutrition; it’s a way of spending time together defending and protecting our environment and our health,” he said.

The minister also urged everyone to unite to tackle food waste, a challenge that stretches from farm fields to family tables. He stressed that governments, businesses, researchers and consumers must join forces through smart policies, new technologies and better food education to end waste.

While Italy’s minister focused on eating habits, King Letsie III of Lesotho, David Mohato Bereng Seeiso, called on African nations to embrace their indigenous foods, crops and traditional wisdom to boost nutrition.

The King noted Africa’s rich tapestry of traditional foods, livestock and aquatic resources, many perfectly suited to local environments and packed with nutrition. Yet he observed researchers, markets and public campaigns too often overlook these treasures.

“Countries must be assisted to promote indigenous traditional and underutilized foods as part of healthier diets, biodiversity conservation, climate adaptation and local economic development,” he said.

He added that building value chains around locally adapted foods could open doors for smallholder farmers, women and young entrepreneurs, all while helping communities safeguard their food heritage.

“While restoring pride in Africa’s food heritage, innovation does not mean abandoning tradition; it means combining the best of modern science with the knowledge and experience of our communities. Nourishing tomorrow should also begin with investing in children today,” King Letsie III added.

His words highlight the need to help farmers preserve locally adapted crops and seeds while harnessing science to boost harvests and nutrition.

FAO Director-General Qu Dongyu said scientific innovation should be judged by its contribution to people’s lives rather than by technological advances alone.

“Innovation is not only about the technology, but it’s also about people. It is about enabling people to turn knowledge into opportunity, science into solutions and hope into action,” he said.

He cited satellite monitoring, early-warning systems, improved irrigation, and digital technologies as tools that can help farmers protect harvests, manage resources, and access markets and financial services.

Today, science provides farmers with tools previous generations could hardly have imagined. Satellites monitor crops from space, helping detect threats before harvests are lost. Early warning systems give farming families time to prepare for droughts, floods and other risks. Smarter irrigation lets farmers produce more food while using less water. Digital technologies connect rural communities to markets, financial services, and networks once out of reach, especially for smallholder farmers. These innovations can strengthen food security, stabilize incomes and create better opportunities for future generations.

Yet innovation alone is not enough. Its true value lies in reaching those who need it most and ensuring successful solutions can be shared and scaled up. The most effective innovations are those developed with farmers and rural communities, considering their needs, knowledge and local conditions, he said.

King Letsie III said transforming food systems requires political leadership, stronger institutions, and adequate nutrition financing.

“Our parOur parliamentarians approve budgets, enact laws, oversee government action and represent citizens’ priorities. I therefore welcome FAO’s engagement with the Pan-African Parliament and national and sub-regional parliamentary alliances on food security and nutrition. Through parliamentary capacity development, FAO is helping legislators create stronger enabling environments. Parliamentarians can and should champion adequate financing for nutrition, protect school meal budgets, promote healthy food environments, improve food safety laws, support women and youth and hold institutions accountable for the commitments made to our people.” He said.

He highlighted school feeding programs as one way to improve children’s diets while creating markets for locally produced food.

Nutritious school meals are a strategic investment that can improve diets, attendance, and learning; strengthen social protection; and create steady demand for locally produced food. Homegrown school meals connect agriculture, nutrition, education and local economic development. School meals should do more than relieve short-term hunger. They should support physical and cognitive development, encourage lifelong healthy habits, strengthen local economies and provide practical learning on nutrition, food safety, hygiene, biodiversity and respect for food. Safe water, sanitation and hygiene are also essential to ensure every meal advances health, dignity and learning, he added.

These leaders’ voices send a clear message: we must bridge the gap between what is grown in fields and what nourishes people’s bodies and lives.

Africa needs stronger links among farmers, researchers, universities, policymakers, entrepreneurs and investors. Solutions that show promise must move beyond pilots and laboratories, be adapted to local realities and scaled through effective institutions and sustainable financing,” the King said.

He emphasized that young people must be at the heart of this movement, with skills, funding, land, digital tools, mentors, and access to markets.

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International Day of Rural Women : Rural women farmers deserve not only equal rights and access to resources, but also the strength and voice to safeguard Mother Nature.

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By the Witness Radio Team.

As the world marks the International Day of Rural Women on 15 October 2026, with the theme “Rural Women Farmers Caring for Mother Nature,” the spotlight shines on women whose tireless efforts nourish food systems, shield biodiversity, and safeguard the natural resources that sustain entire communities.

This year’s celebration carries special weight as the United Nations declares 2026 the International Year of the Woman Farmer, spotlighting women’s vital roles across agri-food systems, from planting seeds to driving trade. This recognition opens the door to challenge the persistent inequalities that threaten women’s livelihoods and silence their voices in decisions about agriculture, land, and the environment.

In its statement marking the day, UN Women called for rural women’s rights, resources and decision-making power to match their contributions to food systems and environmental protection.

“On this day, we celebrate their knowledge and leadership in building a more resilient future. Yet their rights, resources and decision-making power too often fall short of their contributions,” UN Women said.

The agency called on governments and other groups to ensure women have enforceable rights to land, water, and natural resources. It also asked for better access to finance, markets, technology, and agricultural services, as well as decent work, social protection, and strong infrastructure. The agency highlighted the need to recognize, reduce, and share women’s unpaid care work.

These calls to action highlight the stark inequalities rural women endure. They are the backbone of community nourishment and environmental stewardship, yet too often they lack the resources and influence needed to improve their lives and shape the future.

Ambassador Ada Francisca de Asis Hernández Rivera, the Permanent Representative of the Dominican Republic to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Food Program (WFP), underscored rural women’s importance in eradicating poverty, ending hunger and transforming agri-food systems into more inclusive, resilient and sustainable systems.

She noted that women contribute to food production, biodiversity conservation, sustainable ecosystem management and the resilience of families and communities. Yet many still face barriers to accessing land, financial services, technology, information, markets, and technical assistance, as well as opportunities to participate in decision-making.

“These inequalities, of course, will reduce their opportunities and limit the potential of family farming to contribute completely to sustainable development,” she said.

Karina David, a representative of the Intercontinental Network of Organic Farmers Organizations (INFO) and the Rural Women in Action Network, also highlighted the gap between recognizing women’s contributions and addressing the inequalities they face.

David cited findings indicating that 75 percent of agricultural policy documents across 68 countries recognize women’s roles and challenges, but only 19 percent contain clear gender equality goals.

She argued that closing this gap is not only a matter of equality but also essential to improving food security, household incomes, resilience and rural development.

“Gender inequality has a real cost, and if I were to close the gap between women and men in the agri-food system, it could add almost $1 trillion to the global economy and reduce food insecurity for 45 million people,” she said.

The findings make it clear: governments must move beyond words and turn promises into real policies, funding, and programs that break down the barriers holding women farmers back.

The scale of women’s participation in agri-food systems further underscores why empowering them must be a priority. Tako Ndiaye, a team leader on gender issues in FAO’s Division for Rural Transformation and Gender Equality, cited findings from a report on the status of women in agri-food systems showing that 41 percent of working women globally are employed in these systems.

She noted that agri-food systems are particularly important sources of livelihoods for women in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, where 70 percent of working women in each region are employed in the sector.

Ndiaye also emphasized the importance of empowering women farmers, their organizations, and networks to participate effectively in family farming policymaking. She called for stronger roles for gender experts and women’s organizations in monitoring the implementation of policy commitments.

Women farmers do more than feed rural economies; they champion environmental sustainability. They conserve seeds, nurture biodiversity, manage precious water, and heal degraded land, using wisdom and practices that keep ecosystems thriving and help communities withstand the challenges of climate change.

Yet their ability to continue this vital work depends on access to land, financial support, modern technologies, and other resources that let them farm sustainably and adapt to a changing environment.

UN Women has called on governments, financial institutions, businesses, and development partners to invest directly in rural women and remove barriers that limit their economic independence and environmental leadership.

The agency also stressed that rural women must have a meaningful role in shaping agricultural policies and decisions on funding allocation for climate action, biodiversity conservation, and land restoration.

 

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ODPP Staff Equipped With New Skills on Land Crimes, Witness Protection and Victims Rights

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Mpigi – The Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP), through the Department of Land Crimes and the Department of Witness Protection and Victim Empowerment, early this week, held a stakeholders’ engagement at the Mpigi Regional Office to enhance the capacity of prosecutors and investigators in the management of land crimes, witness protection and victims’ rights and empowerment.

The engagement brought together prosecutors and investigators from the region to share knowledge, exchange experiences and explore practical solutions to challenges affecting the effective investigation and prosecution of land-related offences, while strengthening the protection of witnesses and the empowerment of victims within the criminal justice system.

In her welcome remarks, the Regional Officer, Assistant Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) Ms. Rachel Bikhole, welcomed the participants and facilitators to the Mpigi Regional Office. She appreciated the Departments of Land Crimes and Witness Protection and Victim Empowerment for collaborating with the Regional Office to equip prosecutors and investigators with the knowledge and skills necessary to improve service delivery.

The Head of the Department of Land Crimes, Mr. Andrew Odiit, noted that the engagement was timely, given that the region has the highest number of registered land cases in Central Uganda. He expressed optimism that the engagement would provide a valuable platform for sharing experiences, addressing existing challenges and identifying practical solutions to improve the management of land crimes.

Participants received presentations from Mr. Atuhaire Godwin, the Registrar of Titles at Mpigi Zonal Office, who took them through land transfers and registration in Uganda. He explained the procedures and requirements for effective land registration, equipping participants with a better understanding of the processes involved in land transactions and documentation.

Assistant Director of Public Prosecutions Dr. Daisy Nabasitu and Deputy Assistant Superintendent of Police (D/ASP) Bernice Aine respectively made presentations on the prosecution and investigation of land crimes. They highlighted the challenges encountered in handling land-related offences and shared best practices to strengthen investigations and prosecutions.

The Head of the Department of Witness Protection and Victim Empowerment, Mr. Charles Kaamuli, sensitised participants on the legal framework governing witness protection, including the circumstances under which a person may qualify for protection under the law. He also emphasised the importance of empowering victims by guiding them through court processes, explaining what is expected of them and keeping them informed about developments in their cases.

Mr. Kaamuli urged prosecutors to make greater use of the Department of Witness Protection and Victim Empowerment, particularly in cases involving vulnerable witnesses who may require protection and support throughout the criminal justice process.

The engagement underscored the importance of collaboration among prosecutors, investigators and other stakeholders in addressing land crimes, protecting vulnerable witnesses and upholding victims’ rights.

Source: ugstandard.com

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