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Here’s what was agreed at COP16 to combat global desertification
Published
2 years agoon

20,000 delegates attended COP16 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia — three times the number of the previous UNCCD COP. Image: REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra.
- 40% of the world’s agricultural land is already damaged and more than three-quarters of land is experiencing dryer conditions.
- COP16 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, aimed to mobilize collaboration to combat desertification.
- Here’s what you need to know about what was agreed at COP16.
Against the backdrop of a deepening environmental crisis, the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP16) under the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) convened in Riyadh in December with a critical mission: to address the escalating threats of land degradation and drought.
With 40% of the world’s agricultural land already damaged and more than three-quarters of land experiencing dryer conditions, the stakes have never been higher. The conference emphasized the urgent need for innovation, investment and collaboration to restore land, safeguard food and water security, tackle climate change and combat biodiversity loss.
The 20,000 delegates at COP16 — three times the number of the previous UNCCD COP — carried a powerful message: restoring land is achievable, but requires scalable and equitable solutions, supported by partnerships across sectors.
Land degradation and the cost of inaction
As emphasized in a Forum CEO Discussion Brief published for COP16, land sits at the heart of the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change. Misuse and unsustainable management of land threaten the supply of critical ecosystem services, deepen food and water insecurity and exacerbate vulnerabilities in global supply chains. Coupled with water scarcity, rising temperatures and population growth, degraded landscapes now endanger the livelihoods of billions across the planet.
Both the challenges and opportunities are significant: a 2011 study found that restoring 150 million hectares of degraded land could yield as much as $85 billion in economic benefits and uplift 200 million people. Yet only 4% of global climate finance targets sectors like agriculture and forestry, even though these areas are pivotal to land restoration. The estimated need? Roughly $300 billion annually to meet 2030 sustainability goals.
During COP16, the more than 400 private sector delegates and other multistakeholder actors identified blended finance, cutting-edge tools and integrated planning frameworks as key solutions. The World Economic Forum’s white paper, Food and Water Systems in the Intelligent Age, served as a key resource, highlighting the interconnectedness of food and water systems in reversing degradation and addressing scarcity.
A corporate call to action
COP16 underscored the private sector’s pivotal role in reversing degradation. A key highlight was the launch of the Business 4 Land (B4L) Call to Action, which encourages companies to incorporate sustainable practices into their core operations. The World Economic Forum and UNCCD also introduced a tool — the Land Degradation Neutrality: Strategic Intelligence Map — designed to guide businesses in evaluating risks and opportunities related to ecosystems. This resource empowers corporations to align their operations with global land restoration goals, while mitigating supply chain risks and accelerating biodiversity protection.
Prominent examples of corporate leadership emerged at COP16. OCP Group, for instance, has collaborated with four million African farmers to map more than 50 million hectares of degraded land and promote regenerative agriculture. By committing to 5GW of clean energy production by 2027, the company showcased its alignment with global restoration initiatives.
A critical breakthrough at COP16 was the spotlight on innovative financing mechanisms. Philippe Zaouati, CEO of Mirova, showcased the success of the €200 million Land Degradation Neutrality Fund (LDN Fund). By leveraging blended finance — public-private investments — the LDN Fund has successfully restored degraded landscapes in Africa, Asia and Latin America. These combined funds magnify impact, demonstrating that restoration can deliver measurable environmental and economic outcomes. The momentum from this success is now fuelling the launch of SLF II, which aims to raise €300–400 million to drive biodiversity and carbon credit markets.
Nevertheless, balancing corporate ambitions with equity remains crucial. Ismahane Elouafi of CGIAR warned that excluding smallholder farmers — key providers of the world’s food— may perpetuate inequities, while Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, President, Association for Fulani Women and Indigenous Peoples of Chad emphasized the importance of empowering Indigenous Peoples and local communities to be the drivers of their own destiny. For restoration projects to succeed, mechanisms like carbon markets must address these inequalities, ensuring benefits reach the most vulnerable communities and that smallholder farmers, who are on the frontlines of degradation, are properly compensated and supported by climate innovations.
Innovation at the heart of land restoration
Advanced technology emerged as a cornerstone of the fight against desertification and land degradation. Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems stood out as indispensable tools for scaling restoration. Platforms like those developed by Forested have given local communities control over tracking their own environmental impact, promoting transparency and stakeholder buy-in. By doing so, these systems provide the foundation for environmental credit markets, including carbon and biodiversity credits.
This approach reverberated in discussions where urban leaders explored how nature positive cities can combat degradation, including spotlighting leading examples, such as the Durban lighthouse report. Initiatives like integrating restoration into urban planning and supporting local food systems demonstrated the role cities play as testing grounds for scalable, nature-positive solutions. Innovative funding and planning efforts can enhance urban resilience while also addressing global challenges.
Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs) were another focal point at COP16. A recent World Economic Forum study on Africa’s Great Green Wall illustrated how VCMs could support the African Union-led Great Green Wall initiative to transform the Sahel region by restoring 100 million hectares of degraded land, which received an additional €14.6 million in funding at COP16. VCM projects could provide green jobs and generate up to 1.8 billion tons of carbon storage, underscoring the potential of well-regulated markets to bring financial and environmental benefits.
Regenerative agriculture will play a pivotal role in land restoration, offering solutions that align with UNCCD’s goal of restoring 1.5 billion hectares of degraded land by 2030, with 250 million hectares identified for regenerative agriculture. In fact, revitalizing just 150 million hectares could generate $85 billion in economic benefits, including $30–40 billion directly benefiting smallholder farmers and enhancing food security for nearly 200 million people. Preventing topsoil loss, which could cost up to $2 trillion in Africa alone over the next 15 years, is critical; effective restoration could instead yield $1 trillion in global benefits by protecting soil, water resources and ecosystems while building resilience to climate pressures. A key outcome at COP16 was the $70 million committed to advance the Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS).
Bridging the climate and nature agendas
COP16 also laid the groundwork for increased global collaboration. The Riyadh Global Drought Resilience Partnership attracted more than $12 billion in funding for drought resilience of 80 of the world’s least developed countries. It is mobilizing nations, businesses and communities to tackle drought-prone areas with local, innovative solutions.
Another key development was the launch of the Rio Trio Initiative, which bridges efforts among the UNCCD, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Starting at New York Climate Week and culminating in the high-level opening ceremony of UNCCD COP16 Land Day, the three conventions began to align their goals of reversing land degradation, mitigating biodiversity loss and combating climate change.
The session on this collaboration highlighted the 1t.org China initiative, which strengthened trilateral partnerships between Geneva, Riyadh and Beijing. China’s scientific greening achievements, alongside Saudi Arabia’s bold Saudi Green Initiative, offer complementary strategies to advance nature restoration on a global scale.
The road ahead: Bold action, shared responsibility
COP16’s outcomes were not merely theoretical — they provided actionable takeaways. Increasing private investments to close the $2.1 trillion restoration funding gap and scaling partnerships like the Global EverGreening Alliance’s Harmonisation Approach Initiative and OCP’s carbon farming projects are urgent tasks.
But the conference also delivered a legacy in the Riyadh Action Agenda. This forward-looking framework under the COP16 presidency prioritizes innovation, equity and cross-sector collaboration. By tying sustainability goals to real-world action, the Riyadh Action Agenda offers a playbook for achieving land restoration, drought resilience and food security on a global scale.
The Rio Trio Initiative further strengthens this vision, linking the three Rio Conventions to unify efforts toward reversing environmental degradation. Together, the Riyadh Action Agenda and Rio Trio Initiative symbolize a step-change in the global approach to sustainability — a commitment to scaling systemic solutions to address the climate and nature polycrisis through innovation, partnerships and equality.
As delegates departed Riyadh, they left behind blueprints for solutions. Now, the challenge will be turning these frameworks into transformative action. The UNCCD COP16 has set the stage for a future in which land restoration and resilience-building anchor the global sustainability agenda.
Source: World Economic Forum
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World Food Day 2026: Building healthy diets means reimagining how we grow, share, and enjoy our food.
Published
4 days agoon
October 16, 2026
By the Witness Radio team.
In 2024, hunger affected an estimated 673 million people worldwide, the 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report reveals, underscoring the urgent need to ensure everyone can access enough nutritious food.
Africa bears a heavy share of this crisis. Hunger affects about 307 million people, more than one in five on the continent. If nothing changes, experts warn that by 2030, as many as 512 million people could face chronic undernourishment, with nearly 60 percent living in Africa.
These numbers make it clear: we must transform our food systems now. It is not just about growing more food; it’s about ensuring everyone can enjoy diets that are diverse, safe, nourishing, and rooted in culture.
On World Food Day 2026, celebrated under the banner “Innovate Today, Nourish Tomorrow,” leaders urged the world to invest boldly in healthy eating, indigenous food traditions and agricultural breakthroughs that truly serve people’s needs.
Italy’s Minister for Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forestry, Francesco Lollobrigida, called for greater attention to healthy, balanced and sustainable diets, linking food consumption to human health, cultural heritage and environmental protection.
“To nourish tomorrow, it isn’t enough to invest in innovation and research and in waste reduction. We must also promote dietary habits that are healthy, balanced and sustainable, capitalizing on the deep link between food, health, culture and territory,” Lollobrigida said.
He highlighted Italy’s food culture as a living example of how what we eat can weave together nutrition, environmental care, and the fabric of social life.
“Food isn’t just nutrition; it’s a way of spending time together defending and protecting our environment and our health,” he said.
The minister also urged everyone to unite to tackle food waste, a challenge that stretches from farm fields to family tables. He stressed that governments, businesses, researchers and consumers must join forces through smart policies, new technologies and better food education to end waste.
While Italy’s minister focused on eating habits, King Letsie III of Lesotho, David Mohato Bereng Seeiso, called on African nations to embrace their indigenous foods, crops and traditional wisdom to boost nutrition.
The King noted Africa’s rich tapestry of traditional foods, livestock and aquatic resources, many perfectly suited to local environments and packed with nutrition. Yet he observed researchers, markets and public campaigns too often overlook these treasures.
“Countries must be assisted to promote indigenous traditional and underutilized foods as part of healthier diets, biodiversity conservation, climate adaptation and local economic development,” he said.
He added that building value chains around locally adapted foods could open doors for smallholder farmers, women and young entrepreneurs, all while helping communities safeguard their food heritage.
“While restoring pride in Africa’s food heritage, innovation does not mean abandoning tradition; it means combining the best of modern science with the knowledge and experience of our communities. Nourishing tomorrow should also begin with investing in children today,” King Letsie III added.
His words highlight the need to help farmers preserve locally adapted crops and seeds while harnessing science to boost harvests and nutrition.
FAO Director-General Qu Dongyu said scientific innovation should be judged by its contribution to people’s lives rather than by technological advances alone.
“Innovation is not only about the technology, but it’s also about people. It is about enabling people to turn knowledge into opportunity, science into solutions and hope into action,” he said.
He cited satellite monitoring, early-warning systems, improved irrigation, and digital technologies as tools that can help farmers protect harvests, manage resources, and access markets and financial services.
Today, science provides farmers with tools previous generations could hardly have imagined. Satellites monitor crops from space, helping detect threats before harvests are lost. Early warning systems give farming families time to prepare for droughts, floods and other risks. Smarter irrigation lets farmers produce more food while using less water. Digital technologies connect rural communities to markets, financial services, and networks once out of reach, especially for smallholder farmers. These innovations can strengthen food security, stabilize incomes and create better opportunities for future generations.
Yet innovation alone is not enough. Its true value lies in reaching those who need it most and ensuring successful solutions can be shared and scaled up. The most effective innovations are those developed with farmers and rural communities, considering their needs, knowledge and local conditions, he said.
King Letsie III said transforming food systems requires political leadership, stronger institutions, and adequate nutrition financing.
“Our parOur parliamentarians approve budgets, enact laws, oversee government action and represent citizens’ priorities. I therefore welcome FAO’s engagement with the Pan-African Parliament and national and sub-regional parliamentary alliances on food security and nutrition. Through parliamentary capacity development, FAO is helping legislators create stronger enabling environments. Parliamentarians can and should champion adequate financing for nutrition, protect school meal budgets, promote healthy food environments, improve food safety laws, support women and youth and hold institutions accountable for the commitments made to our people.” He said.
He highlighted school feeding programs as one way to improve children’s diets while creating markets for locally produced food.
Nutritious school meals are a strategic investment that can improve diets, attendance, and learning; strengthen social protection; and create steady demand for locally produced food. Homegrown school meals connect agriculture, nutrition, education and local economic development. School meals should do more than relieve short-term hunger. They should support physical and cognitive development, encourage lifelong healthy habits, strengthen local economies and provide practical learning on nutrition, food safety, hygiene, biodiversity and respect for food. Safe water, sanitation and hygiene are also essential to ensure every meal advances health, dignity and learning, he added.
These leaders’ voices send a clear message: we must bridge the gap between what is grown in fields and what nourishes people’s bodies and lives.
Africa needs stronger links among farmers, researchers, universities, policymakers, entrepreneurs and investors. Solutions that show promise must move beyond pilots and laboratories, be adapted to local realities and scaled through effective institutions and sustainable financing,” the King said.
He emphasized that young people must be at the heart of this movement, with skills, funding, land, digital tools, mentors, and access to markets.
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International Day of Rural Women : Rural women farmers deserve not only equal rights and access to resources, but also the strength and voice to safeguard Mother Nature.
Published
4 days agoon
October 16, 2026
By the Witness Radio Team.
As the world marks the International Day of Rural Women on 15 October 2026, with the theme “Rural Women Farmers Caring for Mother Nature,” the spotlight shines on women whose tireless efforts nourish food systems, shield biodiversity, and safeguard the natural resources that sustain entire communities.
This year’s celebration carries special weight as the United Nations declares 2026 the International Year of the Woman Farmer, spotlighting women’s vital roles across agri-food systems, from planting seeds to driving trade. This recognition opens the door to challenge the persistent inequalities that threaten women’s livelihoods and silence their voices in decisions about agriculture, land, and the environment.
In its statement marking the day, UN Women called for rural women’s rights, resources and decision-making power to match their contributions to food systems and environmental protection.
“On this day, we celebrate their knowledge and leadership in building a more resilient future. Yet their rights, resources and decision-making power too often fall short of their contributions,” UN Women said.
The agency called on governments and other groups to ensure women have enforceable rights to land, water, and natural resources. It also asked for better access to finance, markets, technology, and agricultural services, as well as decent work, social protection, and strong infrastructure. The agency highlighted the need to recognize, reduce, and share women’s unpaid care work.
These calls to action highlight the stark inequalities rural women endure. They are the backbone of community nourishment and environmental stewardship, yet too often they lack the resources and influence needed to improve their lives and shape the future.
Ambassador Ada Francisca de Asis Hernández Rivera, the Permanent Representative of the Dominican Republic to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Food Program (WFP), underscored rural women’s importance in eradicating poverty, ending hunger and transforming agri-food systems into more inclusive, resilient and sustainable systems.
She noted that women contribute to food production, biodiversity conservation, sustainable ecosystem management and the resilience of families and communities. Yet many still face barriers to accessing land, financial services, technology, information, markets, and technical assistance, as well as opportunities to participate in decision-making.
“These inequalities, of course, will reduce their opportunities and limit the potential of family farming to contribute completely to sustainable development,” she said.
Karina David, a representative of the Intercontinental Network of Organic Farmers Organizations (INFO) and the Rural Women in Action Network, also highlighted the gap between recognizing women’s contributions and addressing the inequalities they face.
David cited findings indicating that 75 percent of agricultural policy documents across 68 countries recognize women’s roles and challenges, but only 19 percent contain clear gender equality goals.
She argued that closing this gap is not only a matter of equality but also essential to improving food security, household incomes, resilience and rural development.
“Gender inequality has a real cost, and if I were to close the gap between women and men in the agri-food system, it could add almost $1 trillion to the global economy and reduce food insecurity for 45 million people,” she said.
The findings make it clear: governments must move beyond words and turn promises into real policies, funding, and programs that break down the barriers holding women farmers back.
The scale of women’s participation in agri-food systems further underscores why empowering them must be a priority. Tako Ndiaye, a team leader on gender issues in FAO’s Division for Rural Transformation and Gender Equality, cited findings from a report on the status of women in agri-food systems showing that 41 percent of working women globally are employed in these systems.
She noted that agri-food systems are particularly important sources of livelihoods for women in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, where 70 percent of working women in each region are employed in the sector.
Ndiaye also emphasized the importance of empowering women farmers, their organizations, and networks to participate effectively in family farming policymaking. She called for stronger roles for gender experts and women’s organizations in monitoring the implementation of policy commitments.
Women farmers do more than feed rural economies; they champion environmental sustainability. They conserve seeds, nurture biodiversity, manage precious water, and heal degraded land, using wisdom and practices that keep ecosystems thriving and help communities withstand the challenges of climate change.
Yet their ability to continue this vital work depends on access to land, financial support, modern technologies, and other resources that let them farm sustainably and adapt to a changing environment.
UN Women has called on governments, financial institutions, businesses, and development partners to invest directly in rural women and remove barriers that limit their economic independence and environmental leadership.
The agency also stressed that rural women must have a meaningful role in shaping agricultural policies and decisions on funding allocation for climate action, biodiversity conservation, and land restoration.
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ODPP Staff Equipped With New Skills on Land Crimes, Witness Protection and Victims Rights
Published
5 days agoon
October 15, 2026
Mpigi – The Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP), through the Department of Land Crimes and the Department of Witness Protection and Victim Empowerment, early this week, held a stakeholders’ engagement at the Mpigi Regional Office to enhance the capacity of prosecutors and investigators in the management of land crimes, witness protection and victims’ rights and empowerment.
The engagement brought together prosecutors and investigators from the region to share knowledge, exchange experiences and explore practical solutions to challenges affecting the effective investigation and prosecution of land-related offences, while strengthening the protection of witnesses and the empowerment of victims within the criminal justice system.
In her welcome remarks, the Regional Officer, Assistant Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) Ms. Rachel Bikhole, welcomed the participants and facilitators to the Mpigi Regional Office. She appreciated the Departments of Land Crimes and Witness Protection and Victim Empowerment for collaborating with the Regional Office to equip prosecutors and investigators with the knowledge and skills necessary to improve service delivery.
The Head of the Department of Land Crimes, Mr. Andrew Odiit, noted that the engagement was timely, given that the region has the highest number of registered land cases in Central Uganda. He expressed optimism that the engagement would provide a valuable platform for sharing experiences, addressing existing challenges and identifying practical solutions to improve the management of land crimes.
Participants received presentations from Mr. Atuhaire Godwin, the Registrar of Titles at Mpigi Zonal Office, who took them through land transfers and registration in Uganda. He explained the procedures and requirements for effective land registration, equipping participants with a better understanding of the processes involved in land transactions and documentation.
Assistant Director of Public Prosecutions Dr. Daisy Nabasitu and Deputy Assistant Superintendent of Police (D/ASP) Bernice Aine respectively made presentations on the prosecution and investigation of land crimes. They highlighted the challenges encountered in handling land-related offences and shared best practices to strengthen investigations and prosecutions.
The Head of the Department of Witness Protection and Victim Empowerment, Mr. Charles Kaamuli, sensitised participants on the legal framework governing witness protection, including the circumstances under which a person may qualify for protection under the law. He also emphasised the importance of empowering victims by guiding them through court processes, explaining what is expected of them and keeping them informed about developments in their cases.
Mr. Kaamuli urged prosecutors to make greater use of the Department of Witness Protection and Victim Empowerment, particularly in cases involving vulnerable witnesses who may require protection and support throughout the criminal justice process.
The engagement underscored the importance of collaboration among prosecutors, investigators and other stakeholders in addressing land crimes, protecting vulnerable witnesses and upholding victims’ rights.
Source: ugstandard.com
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